Side-by-side comparison of mechanisms, dosing, interactions, and stacking potential.
| TUDCA (Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid) | Urolithin A | |
|---|---|---|
| Category | Supplements | Supplements |
| Standard Dose | 250-500mg daily | — |
| Timing | With meals for liver support. Some protocols recommend before meals to prime bile flow. | — |
| Cycle Duration | Cycle 4-8 weeks for liver support; ongoing at low dose for chronic liver conditions under supervision | — |
| Evidence Level | Moderate-Strong | Moderate-Strong |
TUDCA is a water-soluble bile acid conjugate (taurine + ursodeoxycholic acid) with potent hepatoprotective and cytoprotective properties. It inhibits the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis by preventing BAX translocation to mitochondria and cytochrome c release. TUDCA reduces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by acting as a chemical chaperone, assisting protein folding and reducing the unfolded protein response (UPR). It protects hepatocytes by stabilizing cell membranes, displacing toxic hydrophobic bile acids (chenodeoxycholic, lithocholic) from biliary epithelium, and promoting choleresis (bile flow). Additionally, it has neuroprotective effects via reduction of ER stress in neurons and modulation of the TGR5 bile acid receptor.
250-500mg daily
With meals for liver support. Some protocols recommend before meals to prime bile flow.
Cycle 4-8 weeks for liver support; ongoing at low dose for chronic liver conditions under supervision
Gut metabolite of ellagitannins that activates mitophagy — selective clearance of damaged mitochondria. Improves mitochondrial function, muscle endurance, and cellular energy production. Only ~40% of population can produce it endogenously.
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