Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinol) vs Omega-3 (EPA/DHA)

Mechanism

CoQ10 functions as an essential electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (Complex I to III and Complex II to III), directly supporting oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis. In its reduced form (ubiquinol), it serves as a potent lipid-soluble antioxidant, protecting mitochondrial membranes and LDL particles from peroxidation. It also modulates the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and supports endothelial NO synthase coupling.

Standard Dosing

100-200mg ubiquinol daily

Timing

With meals containing fat. Morning or midday preferred (may be mildly energizing).

Cycle Duration

ongoing

Side Effects

• Mild GI upset
• Insomnia (if taken late)
• Rare: skin rash

Contraindications

• Caution with warfarin therapy (requires INR monitoring)

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Mechanism

EPA and DHA incorporate into cell membrane phospholipids, modulating membrane fluidity and lipid raft signaling. EPA competitively inhibits arachidonic acid conversion via COX-2 and 5-LOX, reducing pro-inflammatory eicosanoids (PGE2, LTB4) while generating anti-inflammatory resolvins and protectins. DHA is critical for neuronal membrane integrity, modulating BDNF expression and synaptic plasticity via Nrf2 and NF-kB pathways.

Standard Dosing

2-4g combined EPA/DHA daily (targeting 2:1 EPA:DHA ratio for inflammation; 1:1 for cognitive)

Timing

With meals containing fat for absorption. Split dose AM/PM.

Cycle Duration

ongoing

Side Effects

• Fishy burps/aftertaste
• Mild GI upset
• Loose stools at high doses
• Potential increased LDL in some individuals

Contraindications

• Active bleeding disorders
• Scheduled surgery (discontinue 2 weeks prior)
• Fish/shellfish allergy (use algal-derived)

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