Minerals
Evidence: moderate_human
Magnesium L-threonate (Magtein) was specifically developed by MIT researchers to cross the blood-brain barrier efficiently. L-threonate, a metabolite of vitamin C, acts as a carrier to increase brain magnesium concentration by ~15% (compared to negligible CNS penetration from other Mg forms). Elevated brain Mg2+ enhances NMDA receptor signaling fidelity, increases synaptic density in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, promotes BDNF expression, and enhances both short-term and long-term memory via potentiation of pre-synaptic release probability at hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses.
Standard: 1000-2000mg magnesium L-threonate daily (providing ~144mg elemental Mg per 2000mg)
Maintenance: 2000mg/day (144mg elemental Mg)
Administration: oral
Timing: Split dose: 1 capsule morning, 2 capsules before bed (or per product label). Evening dose supports sleep and overnight memory consolidation.
Duration: ongoing
The key differentiator is brain bioavailability — this is a COGNITIVE magnesium, not a general magnesium replacement. Due to low elemental Mg content, clients typically need a second Mg form (glycinate, taurate) to meet total daily Mg requirements. The sleep benefit is likely mediated through brain Mg effects on GABA and circadian regulation. Clinical trials show improvements in executive function, working memory, and attention. Cost-prohibitive for some clients — in which case, general Mg glycinate covers most bases.
Magtein (AIDP) is the patented, clinically studied form. Generic 'magnesium threonate' may not have the same manufacturing standards. Low elemental Mg content (~7.2%) means it should NOT be used as the sole Mg supplement — combine with glycinate/taurate for total elemental Mg goals. Brands: Life Extension Neuro-Mag, NOW Magtein, Jarrow MagMind.
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