Peptides
Evidence: animal_plus_anecdotal
LL-37 is a 37-residue amphipathic helical antimicrobial peptide, the only human cathelicidin, that kills bacteria by forming tetrameric channels that perforate cytoplasmic membranes. Beyond direct antimicrobial activity, it modulates innate immunity through formyl-peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), induces chemotaxis of neutrophils and monocytes, upregulates CXCR4 and IL-8, and neutralizes bacterial endotoxins (LPS). It also promotes wound healing through keratinocyte migration and angiogenesis.
Standard: Research indicates 50-100 mcg daily via subcutaneous injection for immune support.
Maintenance: Research indicates 50 mcg every other day for maintenance immune protocols.
Administration: subcutaneoustopical
Timing: Morning administration preferred for immune support. Topical application directly to wound sites.
Duration: 4-8 week cycles. Short-term use preferred due to limited long-term safety data.
LL-37 is unique as the only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide. It is expressed in epithelial cells, neutrophils, monocytes, T cells, NK cells, and B cells. Caution is warranted in autoimmune conditions — LL-37 has been identified as an autoantigen in systemic lupus erythematosus and plays a role in psoriasis pathophysiology. Best used for acute immune challenges or wound healing rather than long-term protocols.
Research-grade peptide supplier with verified purity (>95%). Storage at -20C lyophilized.
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