Peptides

LL-37 (Cathelicidin)

Evidence: animal_plus_anecdotal

Mechanism of Action

LL-37 is a 37-residue amphipathic helical antimicrobial peptide, the only human cathelicidin, that kills bacteria by forming tetrameric channels that perforate cytoplasmic membranes. Beyond direct antimicrobial activity, it modulates innate immunity through formyl-peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), induces chemotaxis of neutrophils and monocytes, upregulates CXCR4 and IL-8, and neutralizes bacterial endotoxins (LPS). It also promotes wound healing through keratinocyte migration and angiogenesis.

Dosing Protocol

Standard: Research indicates 50-100 mcg daily via subcutaneous injection for immune support.

Maintenance: Research indicates 50 mcg every other day for maintenance immune protocols.

Administration: subcutaneoustopical

Timing: Morning administration preferred for immune support. Topical application directly to wound sites.

Duration: 4-8 week cycles. Short-term use preferred due to limited long-term safety data.

Notes

LL-37 is unique as the only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide. It is expressed in epithelial cells, neutrophils, monocytes, T cells, NK cells, and B cells. Caution is warranted in autoimmune conditions — LL-37 has been identified as an autoantigen in systemic lupus erythematosus and plays a role in psoriasis pathophysiology. Best used for acute immune challenges or wound healing rather than long-term protocols.

Stacking

  • KPV
  • Thymosin Alpha-1
  • BPC-157

Interactions

  • Immunosuppressants [MEDIUM] — LL-37 activates innate immune responses; may counteract immunosuppression.
  • Antibiotics [LOW] — Potentially synergistic antimicrobial effects; complementary mechanism.

Contraindications

  • Active autoimmune conditions (particularly lupus — LL-37 is implicated in SLE pathophysiology)
  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding
  • Psoriasis (may exacerbate)

Side Effects

  • Injection site pain and redness
  • Localized inflammation
  • Potential mast cell activation

Key Papers

  • 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.03.030
  • 10.1038/s41598-020-74401-5

Source Quality

Research-grade peptide supplier with verified purity (>95%). Storage at -20C lyophilized.

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. BioAccelera Labs does not diagnose, treat, or prescribe. Consult a licensed healthcare provider before using any compound.

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