Nootropics
Evidence: moderate_human
Potent positive allosteric modulator of AMPA receptors with 5-10x the potency of piracetam, slowing both channel closing rate and microscopic desensitization rates. Also modulates metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and indirectly boosts dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission, conferring anxiolytic properties.
Standard: 750-1500 mg/day divided into 2-3 doses
Maintenance: 750 mg twice daily
Administration: oral
Timing: With fat-containing meals (fat-soluble compound; bioavailability increases significantly with dietary fat)
Duration: Cycles of 8-12 weeks on, 4 weeks off
Considered the most anxiolytic racetam. Short half-life (~1-2.5 hours) necessitates multiple daily doses. The anxiolytic effects are often noticed before cognitive enhancement. Must be taken with fat for absorption. Approved in Europe and Japan for cognitive impairment.
Available from nootropic vendors; demand third-party CoA with HPLC purity >99%. Fat-soluble so capsule or powder taken with fat is preferred over sublingual.
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