Side-by-side comparison of mechanisms, dosing, interactions, and stacking potential.
| SS-31 (Elamipretide) | TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4) | |
|---|---|---|
| Category | Peptides | Peptides |
| Standard Dose | Research indicates 0.05-0.25 mg/kg daily via subcutaneous injection. Clinical trials used 4-40 mg/day IV or SC. | Research indicates 2-2.5 mg administered twice weekly via subcutaneous injection. |
| Timing | Morning dosing preferred. No food timing restrictions. | No strict timing requirements. Can be administered at any time of day. Systemic action means injection location is not critical. |
| Cycle Duration | Clinical trials ranged from single dose to 48 weeks. Optimal cycle length not established. | Loading phase: 4-6 weeks. Total cycle: 8-16 weeks. |
| Evidence Level | Emerging (Phase 2/3 trials) | animal_plus_anecdotal |
SS-31 (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2, also known as elamipretide/Bendavia) is a cell-permeable tetrapeptide that localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane and binds cardiolipin via electrostatic interactions. This stabilizes cardiolipin against oxidative damage, preserving cristae integrity, reducing ROS production, and maintaining mitochondrial ATP production. SS-31 interacts with proteins in two functional groups: oxidative phosphorylation complexes and 2-oxoglutarate metabolic enzymes — all known cardiolipin binders. It restores mitochondrial function without acting as a direct antioxidant.
Research indicates 0.05-0.25 mg/kg daily via subcutaneous injection. Clinical trials used 4-40 mg/day IV or SC.
Morning dosing preferred. No food timing restrictions.
Clinical trials ranged from single dose to 48 weeks. Optimal cycle length not established.
TB-500 is a synthetic fragment of Thymosin Beta-4, a 43-amino acid protein that sequesters G-actin monomers, preventing premature polymerization and facilitating cellular migration and morphological changes essential for wound healing. It upregulates actin to promote cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation of stem/progenitor cells at injury sites. TB-500 also enhances angiogenesis, reduces inflammation, and promotes tissue remodeling through increased re-epithelialization and vascular density.
Research indicates 2-2.5 mg administered twice weekly via subcutaneous injection.
No strict timing requirements. Can be administered at any time of day. Systemic action means injection location is not critical.
Loading phase: 4-6 weeks. Total cycle: 8-16 weeks.
Take our free assessment to get personalized recommendations based on your health goals, current stack, and biomarkers.
Get Your Free Protocol →or take the assessment →