Side-by-side comparison of mechanisms, dosing, interactions, and stacking potential.
| BPC-157 | SS-31 (Elamipretide) | |
|---|---|---|
| Category | Peptides | Peptides |
| Standard Dose | Research indicates 250-500 mcg administered 1-2 times daily via subcutaneous injection near the site of injury. | Research indicates 0.05-0.25 mg/kg daily via subcutaneous injection. Clinical trials used 4-40 mg/day IV or SC. |
| Timing | Administer on an empty stomach or near the injury site. No strict meal timing required, though fasted state may improve absorption for oral dosing. | Morning dosing preferred. No food timing restrictions. |
| Cycle Duration | Typical cycles range from 4-12 weeks depending on the injury being addressed. | Clinical trials ranged from single dose to 48 weeks. Optimal cycle length not established. |
| Evidence Level | animal_plus_anecdotal | Emerging (Phase 2/3 trials) |
BPC-157 is a 15-amino acid peptide derived from human gastric juice that promotes angiogenesis via dual VEGFR2-dependent (PI3K-Akt-eNOS) and VEGF-independent (Src-Caveolin-1-eNOS) nitric oxide pathways. It upregulates growth hormone receptor expression, modulates the FAK-paxillin pathway for cell migration, and counteracts damage to the nitric oxide system. Additionally, it enhances tendon fibroblast growth, promotes reticulin and collagen formation, and accelerates wound healing by mediating the NO system's protective functions.
Research indicates 250-500 mcg administered 1-2 times daily via subcutaneous injection near the site of injury.
Administer on an empty stomach or near the injury site. No strict meal timing required, though fasted state may improve absorption for oral dosing.
Typical cycles range from 4-12 weeks depending on the injury being addressed.
SS-31 (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2, also known as elamipretide/Bendavia) is a cell-permeable tetrapeptide that localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane and binds cardiolipin via electrostatic interactions. This stabilizes cardiolipin against oxidative damage, preserving cristae integrity, reducing ROS production, and maintaining mitochondrial ATP production. SS-31 interacts with proteins in two functional groups: oxidative phosphorylation complexes and 2-oxoglutarate metabolic enzymes — all known cardiolipin binders. It restores mitochondrial function without acting as a direct antioxidant.
Research indicates 0.05-0.25 mg/kg daily via subcutaneous injection. Clinical trials used 4-40 mg/day IV or SC.
Morning dosing preferred. No food timing restrictions.
Clinical trials ranged from single dose to 48 weeks. Optimal cycle length not established.
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