Side-by-side comparison of mechanisms, dosing, interactions, and stacking potential.
| Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens) | TUDCA | |
|---|---|---|
| Category | Supplements | Supplements |
| Standard Dose | 320mg daily (standardized to 85-95% fatty acids and sterols) | — |
| Timing | With food (fat-soluble lipophilic extract). Morning or evening. | — |
| Cycle Duration | Minimum 3 months to assess response; ongoing for maintenance | — |
| Evidence Level | moderate_human | Moderate |
Saw palmetto berry extract contains fatty acids (lauric acid, oleic acid, myristic acid) and phytosterols (beta-sitosterol) that inhibit both isoforms of 5-alpha-reductase (types I and II), reducing conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). It also exhibits anti-androgenic activity by competing with DHT at androgen receptor binding sites. Additional mechanisms include: inhibition of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase (anti-inflammatory in prostate tissue), induction of apoptosis in prostate epithelial cells, and relaxation of bladder smooth muscle via alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonism.
320mg daily (standardized to 85-95% fatty acids and sterols)
With food (fat-soluble lipophilic extract). Morning or evening.
Minimum 3 months to assess response; ongoing for maintenance
Hydrophilic bile acid that stabilizes hepatocyte membranes, supports bile flow, and reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress. Often used in higher-load liver support and lipid-heavy protocols.
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