Side-by-side comparison of mechanisms, dosing, interactions, and stacking potential.
| Humanin | TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4) | |
|---|---|---|
| Category | Peptides | Peptides |
| Standard Dose | Research indicates dosing remains experimental. Animal studies use 1-10 mcg/day equivalents. Human protocols are not established. | Research indicates 2-2.5 mg administered twice weekly via subcutaneous injection. |
| Timing | No established timing protocol. Morning dosing suggested for neuroprotective applications. | No strict timing requirements. Can be administered at any time of day. Systemic action means injection location is not critical. |
| Cycle Duration | Experimental — no established cycle lengths. | Loading phase: 4-6 weeks. Total cycle: 8-16 weeks. |
| Evidence Level | animal_plus_anecdotal | animal_plus_anecdotal |
Humanin is a 24-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded by the 16S rRNA gene of mitochondrial DNA. It binds IGFBP-3 with high affinity (via Phe-6), interfering with IGFBP-3 binding to importin-beta and suppressing IGFBP-3-mediated apoptosis. It also inhibits the pro-apoptotic protein Bax (Bcl-2 family), preventing mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and intrinsic apoptosis. Humanin and IGFBP-3 synergistically protect neurons from amyloid-beta-induced apoptosis, and it activates the STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathways for cytoprotection.
Research indicates dosing remains experimental. Animal studies use 1-10 mcg/day equivalents. Human protocols are not established.
No established timing protocol. Morning dosing suggested for neuroprotective applications.
Experimental — no established cycle lengths.
TB-500 is a synthetic fragment of Thymosin Beta-4, a 43-amino acid protein that sequesters G-actin monomers, preventing premature polymerization and facilitating cellular migration and morphological changes essential for wound healing. It upregulates actin to promote cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation of stem/progenitor cells at injury sites. TB-500 also enhances angiogenesis, reduces inflammation, and promotes tissue remodeling through increased re-epithelialization and vascular density.
Research indicates 2-2.5 mg administered twice weekly via subcutaneous injection.
No strict timing requirements. Can be administered at any time of day. Systemic action means injection location is not critical.
Loading phase: 4-6 weeks. Total cycle: 8-16 weeks.
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