Side-by-side comparison of mechanisms, dosing, interactions, and stacking potential.
| GHK-Cu | PEG-MGF | |
|---|---|---|
| Category | Growth Factors | Growth Factors |
| Standard Dose | Research indicates 1-2 mg daily via subcutaneous injection, or topical application at 1-3% concentration in cream/serum. | — |
| Timing | Evening administration preferred for skin rejuvenation (aligns with nocturnal repair cycles). Topical can be applied morning and evening. | — |
| Cycle Duration | 8-12 weeks for injectable cycles. Topical use can be ongoing. | — |
| Evidence Level | moderate_human | Preclinical |
GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) that modulates gene expression affecting 31.2% of human genes. It activates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling for hair follicle growth, stimulates TGF-beta pathway for tissue remodeling, and promotes collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis while modulating metalloproteinase activity. The copper ion serves as a cofactor for enzymes essential to wound healing including superoxide dismutase and lysyl oxidase.
Research indicates 1-2 mg daily via subcutaneous injection, or topical application at 1-3% concentration in cream/serum.
Evening administration preferred for skin rejuvenation (aligns with nocturnal repair cycles). Topical can be applied morning and evening.
8-12 weeks for injectable cycles. Topical use can be ongoing.
Pegylated mechano growth factor analog discussed in muscle repair and hypertrophy contexts with limited human evidence.
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