Side-by-side comparison of mechanisms, dosing, interactions, and stacking potential.
| Epitalon | Humanin | |
|---|---|---|
| Category | Growth Factors | Peptides |
| Standard Dose | — | Research indicates dosing remains experimental. Animal studies use 1-10 mcg/day equivalents. Human protocols are not established. |
| Timing | — | No established timing protocol. Morning dosing suggested for neuroprotective applications. |
| Cycle Duration | — | Experimental — no established cycle lengths. |
| Evidence Level | Emerging | animal_plus_anecdotal |
Synthetic tetrapeptide studied in Russian longevity literature for pineal signaling, circadian regulation, and telomerase-related hypotheses.
Humanin is a 24-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded by the 16S rRNA gene of mitochondrial DNA. It binds IGFBP-3 with high affinity (via Phe-6), interfering with IGFBP-3 binding to importin-beta and suppressing IGFBP-3-mediated apoptosis. It also inhibits the pro-apoptotic protein Bax (Bcl-2 family), preventing mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and intrinsic apoptosis. Humanin and IGFBP-3 synergistically protect neurons from amyloid-beta-induced apoptosis, and it activates the STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathways for cytoprotection.
Research indicates dosing remains experimental. Animal studies use 1-10 mcg/day equivalents. Human protocols are not established.
No established timing protocol. Morning dosing suggested for neuroprotective applications.
Experimental — no established cycle lengths.
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