Spermidine vs Tesofensine

Mechanism

Spermidine is an endogenous polyamine that induces autophagy primarily through inhibition of the acetyltransferase EP300 (p300), leading to hypoacetylation of multiple autophagy-related proteins and subsequent activation of the core autophagy machinery (Atg5, Atg7, Beclin-1). It promotes mitophagy (selective clearance of damaged mitochondria) and is essential for the hypusination of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), a post-translational modification critical for TFEB-mediated lysosomal biogenesis. Spermidine also reduces age-related inflammation by suppressing NF-kB signaling and promotes cardiovascular health through improved endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability.

Standard Dosing

Research indicates 1-6 mg/day orally for longevity and autophagy support. Epidemiological data associates >80 micromol/day dietary spermidine intake with reduced cardiovascular mortality.

Timing

Morning with or without food. Some protocols suggest taking before a fasting period to potentiate autophagy (fasting naturally increases endogenous spermidine synthesis).

Cycle Duration

Ongoing. Endogenous spermidine levels decline with aging, suggesting lifelong supplementation may be beneficial.

Side Effects

• Generally very well-tolerated
• Mild GI discomfort at higher doses
• Headache (rare)

Contraindications

• Known hypersensitivity to polyamines
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding (insufficient safety data at supplemental doses)
• Active malignancy (polyamines promote cell proliferation in rapidly dividing cells — debated)
• Wheat allergy (if from wheat germ source)

Best Stacking Partners

Mechanism

Tesofensine (NS2330) is a triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor with affinity for dopamine (DAT), serotonin (SERT), and norepinephrine (NET) transporters. It suppresses appetite through indirect stimulation of alpha-1 adrenoceptor and dopamine D1 receptor pathways, reflecting additive effects of increased NE and DA activity. Tesofensine is a dual-action drug with both anorexigenic properties (appetite suppression) and metabolic properties (increased energy expenditure), silencing GABAergic hypothalamic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus.

Standard Dosing

Research indicates 0.25-0.5 mg daily via oral administration.

Timing

Morning dosing only. Avoid afternoon/evening dosing due to stimulant properties and potential insomnia.

Cycle Duration

12-24 week cycles. Monitor cardiovascular parameters throughout.

Side Effects

• Increased heart rate
• Elevated blood pressure
• Dry mouth
• Insomnia
• Constipation
• Nausea
• Headache
• Anxiety/restlessness

Contraindications

• Uncontrolled hypertension
• History of cardiovascular disease
• Concurrent MAOI use
• Glaucoma
• Hyperthyroidism
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding
• History of seizures
• Anorexia nervosa
• Cardiovascular disease
• Uncontrolled anxiety

Best Stacking Partners