Side-by-side comparison of mechanisms, dosing, interactions, and stacking potential.
| Adrafinil | Ginkgo Biloba | |
|---|---|---|
| Category | Nootropics | Nootropics |
| Standard Dose | 300-600 mg once daily (for educational context — unregulated prodrug of a prescription medication) | 120-240 mg/day of standardized extract (24% flavone glycosides, 6% terpene lactones) divided into 2-3 doses |
| Timing | Early morning on an empty stomach for faster hepatic conversion. Onset delayed 60-90 minutes. Avoid afternoon/evening dosing due to long effective duration. | With or without food. Split into 2-3 doses throughout the day. Effects may take 4-6 weeks to manifest. |
| Cycle Duration | Short-term or intermittent use strongly preferred. Avoid continuous daily use exceeding 3 months without liver function monitoring. | Ongoing; no cycling required. Clinical trials typically run 22-26 weeks. |
| Evidence Level | moderate_human | strong_human |
Inactive prodrug that is hepatically metabolized to modafinil (via hepatic amidase enzymes) and its inactive acid metabolite modafinilic acid. The active metabolite modafinil then exerts its effects as a DAT inhibitor with downstream orexinergic, histaminergic, and noradrenergic activation. Conversion is incomplete — approximately 33-50% of adrafinil is converted to modafinil, with the remainder forming inactive metabolites. The hepatic first-pass metabolism means onset is delayed (60-90 minutes vs. 30-60 minutes for modafinil).
300-600 mg once daily (for educational context — unregulated prodrug of a prescription medication)
Early morning on an empty stomach for faster hepatic conversion. Onset delayed 60-90 minutes. Avoid afternoon/evening dosing due to long effective duration.
Short-term or intermittent use strongly preferred. Avoid continuous daily use exceeding 3 months without liver function monitoring.
Standardized extract (EGb 761) contains flavonoid glycosides (24%) and terpene lactones (6% — ginkgolides A/B/C and bilobalide) that act through multiple pathways: potent free radical scavenging and inhibition of membrane lipid peroxidation; antagonism of platelet-activating factor (PAF) via ginkgolides; enhancement of cerebral blood flow through nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation and reduced blood viscosity; and increased prefrontal dopamine and acetylcholine release via acylated flavonol glycosides. Bilobalide provides direct neuroprotection against excitotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction.
120-240 mg/day of standardized extract (24% flavone glycosides, 6% terpene lactones) divided into 2-3 doses
With or without food. Split into 2-3 doses throughout the day. Effects may take 4-6 weeks to manifest.
Ongoing; no cycling required. Clinical trials typically run 22-26 weeks.
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